Understanding Snake Bites

A snake bite is an injury resulting from a snake’s bite, with potential outcomes ranging from minor to life-threatening. The severity varies depending on the snake species and the amount of venom injected. It’s important to distinguish between venomous and poisonous creatures. Venomous snakes inject venom, a toxic substance, while poisonous creatures are harmful if touched or ingested.

Australia is home to numerous snake species, including highly venomous snakes such as the Brown Snake, Tiger Snake, Death Adder, and Coastal Taipan. Snake bites are relatively common, especially in rural areas.

Symptoms of a Venomous Snake Bite

Symptoms of a venomous snake bite can vary. Initial signs may include:

Puncture wounds
Pain and swelling at the bite site
Bruising or bleeding from the bite

Systemic symptoms, indicating the venom is spreading through the body, can include:

Nausea and vomiting
Blurred vision
Difficulty breathing
Irregular heartbeat
Headache, confusion, or dizziness
Muscle weakness or paralysis

In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) can occur. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include:

Difficult or noisy breathing
Swelling of the tongue
Swelling or tightness in the throat
Wheezing or persistent cough
Difficulty talking or a hoarse voice
Dizziness or collapse
Pale and floppy appearance (in young children)

Early signs of an allergic reaction can also manifest as swelling of the lips, face, and eyes, hives or welts, and a tingling sensation in the mouth.

First Aid for Snake Bites

1. If bitten, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention and administer the following first aid steps:

Stay Calm: Panic can worsen the situation.
DRSABCD: Follow the basic life support action plan.
Danger: Check for hazards in the area.
Response: Check if the person is responsive.
Send: Call for help (000).

Airway: Check and clear the airway.
Breathing: Assess breathing and start CPR if needed.
CPR: Perform chest compressions and rescue breaths.
Defibrillation: Use an AED if available.

2. Pressure Immobilisation:

Apply a firm pressure bandage over the bite and extend it as far up the limb as possible. The Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) recommends pressure immobilisation bandaging (PIB) as the best practice for snake bite first aid.

3. Splint:

Immobilise the limb with a splint to prevent movement, which can increase venom absorption. In the case of bites to a lower extremity, splinting of both legs is recommended to completely immobilise the lower half of the body.

4. Mark the Bandage:

Write down the time of the bite and when the bandage was put on, and if possible, mark the site of the bite on the bandage with a pen or take a photo of the site.

Important DO NOTs:

Do not wash the bite area; venom left on the skin can help identify the snake.
Do not attempt to suck out the venom.
Do not use a tourniquet.
Do not cut the wound.
Do not allow the person to walk.

Importance of a Snake Bite Kit

Having a dedicated snake bite first aid kit is crucial in an emergency as it ensures you have the right tools at hand, saving valuable time. A well-equipped kit should include:

Snake ID Card
Non-adherent dressing
Heavy-weight crepe bandage
Safety pins
Triangular bandage
Emergency thermal blanket
First aid pamphlet

Treatment and Antivenom

All snake bites should be treated as potentially life-threatening, and medical attention should be sought immediately. In a hospital setting, treatment for venomous bites involves antivenom and supportive care. The type of antivenom used depends on the type of snake, your symptoms, and the geographical area where you were bitten.

Preventing Snake Bites

Encountering a snake in its natural habitat can be a fascinating experience. However, it’s crucial to remember that snakes are wild animals, and some are venomous. Here are some preventative measures to minimise risk and enjoy the outdoors safely.

Be aware of your surroundings in snake-prone areas.
Wear long pants and boots when hiking.
Make noise while walking.
Keep your yard tidy.
It is strongly recommended that no attempts be made to kill the snake due to the risk of multiple bites.

Stay Safe and Prepared

Being prepared for snake bites in Australia is essential. Knowing first aid, having a snake bite kit, and taking preventative measures can make a significant difference. Share this information to help others stay safe!